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Related Concept Videos

Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases

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The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Consider the oxidation of sulfur dioxide:
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Related Experiment Video

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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

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Nitrogen oxides under pressure: stability, ionization, polymerization, and superconductivity.

Dongxu Li1, Artem R Oganov2,3,4,5,6, Xiao Dong7

  • 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 P.R. China.

Scientific Reports
|November 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Under high pressure, nitrogen oxides undergo phase transformations and decomposition. The study reveals new stable structures for nitrogen oxides, including a superconducting phase of nitrogen monoxide (NO).

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physics

Background:

  • Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are industrially significant compounds.
  • Nitrogen and oxygen are abundant elements.
  • Understanding NOx behavior under extreme conditions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase diagram of the nitrogen-oxygen (N-O) system.
  • To explore structural transformations and stability of nitrogen oxides at high pressures (up to 500 GPa) and 0 K.
  • To identify potential new phases and properties of nitrogen oxides.

Main Methods:

  • Ab initio evolutionary simulations were employed.
  • The study focused on the N-O system at 0 K and pressures up to 500 GPa.

Main Results:

  • Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exhibits two phase transformations at 7 and 64 GPa, followed by decomposition at 91 GPa.
  • Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) becomes stable at 9 GPa and undergoes a structural transformation at 51 GPa.
  • Nitrogen monoxide (NO) becomes stable at 198 GPa, forming a polymeric phase with a -N-N- backbone, which is predicted to be superconducting with a critical temperature (Tc) of 2.0 K.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the high-pressure behavior of key nitrogen oxides.
  • Novel metastable and stable phases of NOx were identified.
  • The discovery of a superconducting phase in nitrogen monoxide (NO) opens new avenues for research in high-pressure physics and materials science.