Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

3.4K
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
3.4K
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

670
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
670

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distorted octahedral supramolecular cages based on spirobiindane with enhanced emission.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Constructing Conformation-Restricted Terpyridine Complexes by Manipulating the Flexible Chain Length for High-Performance H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Photosynthesis.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Unlocking superior Li<sup>+</sup> transport and anodic compatibility for solid polymer electrolytes by zwitterionic metal-organic filler-mediated Li<sup>+</sup> coordination engineering.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Cage-on-Cage Evolution toward Rigid Metallo-Organic Giant for Enhanced Fluorescence.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Iridium-based metallo-organic triangles as efficient photosensitizers for rhodamine B photocatalytic oxidation degradation.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

An Fe(II)-Based Hexagon-Fused Wheel Constructed via Post-Synthetic Transmetalation.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

9.9K

Two-stage radio-frequency interferometer sensors.

Jeffrey Osterberg1, Pingshan Wang1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University , South Carolina 29634, USA.

Applied Physics Letters
|November 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simple radio-frequency (RF) interferometers exhibit tunable slow-wave positive group delay (PGD) and negative group delay (NGD) via destructive interference. A two-stage design significantly enhances measurement sensitivity across these unique propagation regimes.

More Related Videos

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements
09:10

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

Published on: December 5, 2025

1.2K
A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
08:23

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

Published on: September 30, 2019

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

9.9K
The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements
09:10

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

Published on: December 5, 2025

1.2K
A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
08:23

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

Published on: September 30, 2019

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Wave Propagation

Background:

  • Radio-frequency (RF) interferometers are fundamental tools in wave propagation studies.
  • Negative group delay (NGD) and superluminal propagation (SP) phenomena are of significant scientific interest.
  • Existing systems exhibiting NGD and SP often lack easy tunability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that simple RF interferometers can exhibit tunable positive group delay (PGD), NGD, and SP.
  • To investigate the sensitivity enhancement potential of multi-stage RF interferometer configurations.
  • To compare the sensitivity improvements offered by different first-stage designs in a two-stage interferometer.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing destructive interference within RF interferometers to induce PGD, NGD, and SP.
  • Implementing a two-stage interferometer architecture with the first stage in the material-under-test path.
  • Employing power divider and quadrature-based first-stage designs for sensitivity enhancement.

Main Results:

  • Simple RF interferometers were shown to exhibit tunable PGD, NGD, and SP.
  • A two-stage interferometer design significantly improved sensitivity compared to a single-stage reference.
  • Sensitivity improvements of up to 7 times (power divider) and 20 times (quadrature) were achieved at maximum NGD frequency.
  • Enhanced sensitivity was also observed in PGD and SP frequency regions.

Conclusions:

  • RF interferometers offer a unique and easily tunable platform for studying NGD and SP phenomena.
  • Two-stage interferometer designs provide substantial sensitivity enhancements for measuring wave propagation characteristics.
  • The choice of the first-stage interferometer significantly impacts the degree of sensitivity improvement.