Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

6.8K
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
6.8K
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

4.2K
Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
4.2K
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

18.8K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
18.8K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

10.4K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
10.4K
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

7.0K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
7.0K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

6.9K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Discovery of INCB159020, an Orally Bioavailable KRAS G12D Inhibitor.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2025
Same author

Discovery of Orally Bioavailable FGFR2/FGFR3 Dual Inhibitors via Structure-Guided Scaffold Repurposing Approach.

ACS medicinal chemistry letters·2023
Same author

Discovery of Novel Pyrazolopyrimidines as Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitors of ALK2.

ACS medicinal chemistry letters·2022
Same author

Inhibition of ALK2 with bicyclic pyridyllactams.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters·2021
Same author

Second Linear Response Theory and the Analytic Calculation of Excited-State Properties.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2021
Same author

Mechanistic understanding of entanglement and heralding in cascade emitters.

The Journal of chemical physics·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels
07:17

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels

Published on: December 13, 2024

2.1K

Light-Driven Ca(2+) Ion Pump: How Does It Work?

Cheng-Tsung Lai1, Yu Zhang1,2, George C Schatz1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|November 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Artificial photosynthesis machines can pump calcium ions (Ca2+) across membranes. This study reveals that shuttle-ion complex diffusion is the rate-limiting step, with a 2:1 ratio and semiquinone shuttle offering optimal efficiency.

More Related Videos

Flash Photolysis of Caged Compounds in the Cilia of Olfactory Sensory Neurons
11:35

Flash Photolysis of Caged Compounds in the Cilia of Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Published on: October 29, 2011

13.3K
A Cardiac Microphysiological System for Studying Ca2+ Propagation via Non-genetic Optical Stimulation
08:29

A Cardiac Microphysiological System for Studying Ca2+ Propagation via Non-genetic Optical Stimulation

Published on: March 21, 2025

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels
07:17

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels

Published on: December 13, 2024

2.1K
Flash Photolysis of Caged Compounds in the Cilia of Olfactory Sensory Neurons
11:35

Flash Photolysis of Caged Compounds in the Cilia of Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Published on: October 29, 2011

13.3K
A Cardiac Microphysiological System for Studying Ca2+ Propagation via Non-genetic Optical Stimulation
08:29

A Cardiac Microphysiological System for Studying Ca2+ Propagation via Non-genetic Optical Stimulation

Published on: March 21, 2025

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Membrane Biophysics

Background:

  • Artificial photosynthesis machines can actively transport calcium ions (Ca2+) across lipid bilayer membranes.
  • Understanding the shuttle molecule's oxidation state and shuttle-ion stoichiometry is crucial for improving ion pump efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the rate-limiting steps in artificial ion pump mechanisms.
  • To determine the optimal shuttle-ion complex stoichiometry and shuttle molecule type for efficient Ca2+ transport.

Main Methods:

  • All-atom molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Quantum mechanics calculations.
  • Free energy barrier calculations for ion transport.

Main Results:

  • Shuttle-ion complex diffusion across the lipid bilayer is the rate-limiting step (seconds to minutes).
  • A 2:1 shuttle-ion stoichiometry exhibits a lower energy barrier compared to other ratios.
  • A semiquinone shuttle molecule is predicted to be most efficient due to lower free energy barriers and minimal proton involvement.

Conclusions:

  • The diffusion of the shuttle-ion complex is the primary bottleneck for artificial ion pump function.
  • Optimizing shuttle-ion stoichiometry and selecting appropriate shuttle molecules, like semiquinone, can significantly enhance Ca2+ transport efficiency.
  • Computational methods provide valuable insights into designing more efficient artificial ion pumps.