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Behavioural addiction-A rising tide?

Samuel R Chamberlain1, Christine Lochner2, Dan J Stein3

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Summary

This paper explores the concept of behavioral addictions, examining disorders like gambling, kleptomania, and internet addiction. It analyzes evidence for and against classifying these as addictions, impacting future diagnostic and treatment approaches.

Keywords:
AddictionCognitionCompulsivityImagingImpulsivity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Traditionally, 'addiction' referred to substance use disorders (e.g., alcohol, nicotine).
  • Addiction involves rewarding behaviors, loss of control, persistence despite consequences, and physical dependence.
  • The concept has expanded to include 'behavioral addictions' characterized by maladaptive, repetitive behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define 'behavioral addiction'.
  • To critically evaluate evidence for and against classifying specific disorders (e.g., gambling disorder, kleptomania, internet addiction) as addictions.
  • To explore implications for diagnostic systems, neurobiological models, and treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing research.
  • Examination of behavioral addictions from etiological, phenomenological, comorbidity, neurobiological, and treatment perspectives.
  • Comparison of substance addiction criteria with proposed behavioral addiction criteria.

Main Results:

  • The paper discusses the shared features between substance addiction and disorders like gambling disorder, compulsive sexual behavior, and internet addiction.
  • Evidence for and against the 'addiction' conceptualization is presented for various behavioral disorders.
  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) includes gambling disorder under 'Substance Related and Addictive Disorders'.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of behavioral addiction is complex and requires careful consideration.
  • Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and understand the neurobiology of these disorders.
  • This research informs future diagnostic classifications, neurobiological models, and therapeutic strategies for behavioral addictions.