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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

604
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
604
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

659
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
659
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

745
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

1.5K
Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

3.0K
The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy
10:35

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: October 19, 2016

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Arterial Stiffness.

Alberto Avolio1

  • 1Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.

Pulse (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arterial stiffness, a key factor in pulse pressure, is now an independent cardiovascular risk predictor. Research is exploring cellular and molecular factors influencing arterial wall mechanics to prevent or reverse stiffening.

Keywords:
Arterial haemodynamicsConduit arteriesEndothelial functionPulse pressurePulse wave velocityVascular ageing

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Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound
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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Arterial stiffness is a recognized determinant of pulse pressure and a recent independent predictor of cardiovascular disease.
  • Early research viewed blood vessels as passive conduits, with the endothelium as a simple lining.
  • Epidemiological data highlight the significance of arterial stiffness in cardiovascular risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging concepts on arterial stiffening.
  • To investigate intrinsic causative and associated factors altering arterial wall mechanical properties.
  • To explore pathways for preventing or reversing arterial stiffening.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in molecular biology.
  • Analysis of increased technological sophistication for detecting biochemical compounds.
  • Integration of hemodynamic relevance with cellular and molecular processes.

Main Results:

  • Elucidation of the endothelial cell's crucial regulatory role in vascular function.
  • Understanding the interaction between passive mechanical properties and active cellular processes in the arterial wall.
  • Identification of molecular pathways influencing arterial mechanical properties.

Conclusions:

  • Arterial stiffness is a significant cardiovascular risk factor.
  • The endothelium plays a vital regulatory role in vascular function.
  • Further research into cellular and molecular mechanisms is crucial for managing arterial stiffening.