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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Inflammation01:38

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Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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Dense Connective Tissue01:13

Dense Connective Tissue

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Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than loose connective tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue— regular and irregular.
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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Live Cell Imaging during Mechanical Stretch
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Stretching Impacts Inflammation Resolution in Connective Tissue.

Lisbeth Berrueta1, Igla Muskaj1, Sara Olenich1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|November 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Stretching connective tissue during acute inflammation reduces swelling and neutrophil infiltration by increasing resolvin (RvD1) levels. This mechanical intervention activates local pro-resolving pathways, aiding inflammation resolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Inflammation Research
  • Connective Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Acute inflammation involves specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) like resolvins.
  • Previous studies indicated stretching reduces inflammation and pain weeks after induction.
  • This study investigates stretching's role in the acute inflammatory phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that stretching connective tissue activates local pro-resolving mechanisms in acute inflammation.
  • To determine the effect of mechanical stretching on inflammatory markers and resolvin concentrations.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of stretching in managing acute inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

  • Carrageenan-induced subcutaneous inflammation in rats, randomized to stretch or no-stretch groups for 48 hours.
  • Measurement of inflammatory lesion thickness and neutrophil count.
  • Quantification of resolvin (RvD1) concentrations in inflammatory lesions.
  • Ex vivo experiments assessing neutrophil migration and RvD1 levels in stretched connective tissue.

Main Results:

  • Stretching significantly reduced inflammatory lesion thickness and neutrophil infiltration.
  • Stretching increased concentrations of resolvin (RvD1) within the inflamed tissue.
  • Subcutaneous injection of resolvin mimicked the anti-inflammatory effects of stretching.
  • Ex vivo stretching decreased neutrophil migration and elevated tissue RvD1 levels.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical stretching directly impacts inflammation resolution mechanisms within connective tissue.
  • Stretching activates local pro-resolving pathways, evidenced by increased RvD1.
  • These findings highlight a novel therapeutic approach for managing acute inflammation through physical manipulation.