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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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[SIGNALING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF PROTEIN METABOLISM IN SKELETAL MUSCLE].

Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenovaยท2018
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[THE ROLE OF microRNAs IN THE REGULATION OF MUSCLE METABOLTSM].

I V Astratenkova, V A Rogozkin

    Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal Imeni I.M. Sechenova
    |November 24, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    MicroRNAs regulate skeletal muscle metabolism by controlling protein synthesis. Recent studies reveal their specific roles in signaling pathways crucial for muscle function.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Physiology

    Context:

    • Skeletal muscle metabolism is complex, involving intricate regulatory networks.
    • MicroRNAs (small RNAs of ~22 nucleotides) are key post-transcriptional regulators.
    • Understanding microRNA roles is vital for muscle health and disease.

    Purpose:

    • To review recent findings (last two years) on microRNA involvement in skeletal muscle protein synthesis.
    • To elucidate the specific mechanisms by which microRNAs influence key stages of protein synthesis.
    • To highlight microRNA regulation of signaling pathways coordinating intracellular metabolism in skeletal muscles.

    Summary:

    • MicroRNAs fine-tune gene expression post-transcriptionally through mRNA interaction.
    • This review focuses on recent studies detailing microRNA effects on protein synthesis initiation, elongation, and termination in skeletal muscle.

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  • Specific attention is given to microRNAs regulating signaling cascades impacting muscle cell metabolism.

    • Impact:

    • Advances understanding of microRNA-mediated regulation in skeletal muscle.
    • Provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for muscle-related disorders.
    • Establishes a foundation for future research into microRNA functions in muscle physiology and pathophysiology.