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The concept of bio-corona in modulating the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENM)
Dana Westmeier1, Roland H Stauber1, Dominic Docter1
1Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT, University Medical Center of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany.
Abstract:
Besides the wide use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in technical products, their application spectrum in biotechnology and biomedicine is steadily increasing. In complex physiological environments the physico-chemical properties and the behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) are challenging to characterize. Biomolecules rapidly adsorb to the nanomaterial, leading to the formation of the protein/biomolecule corona, which critically affects the nanomaterials' (patho)biological and technical identities. This formation can trigger an immune response and affect nanoparticles' toxicity and targeting capabilities. In this review, we provide a survey of recent findings on the (protein)corona-nanoparticle interaction and discuss how the corona modulates both cytotoxicity and the immune response as well as to improve the efficacy of targeted delivery of nanocarriers.
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