Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

4.3K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
4.3K
Basicity of Aromatic Amines01:18

Basicity of Aromatic Amines

8.4K
The basicity of aromatic amines is much weaker than that of aliphatic amines due to the involvement of the lone pair of electrons over the N atom in resonance with the aryl rings. Generally, the electron-donating ability of any substituents on the aryl ring of aromatic amines increases the basicity of the amine by increasing electron density, and hence the availability of lone pair on the nitrogen. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing functional groups on the aryl ring of amines decrease the...
8.4K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

9.7K
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
9.7K
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds01:14

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds

2.0K
In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as...
2.0K
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

7.1K
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
7.1K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

4.3K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-resolution cryo-EM structures of small protein-ligand complexes near the theoretical size limit.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Divergent synthesis of indenoisoquinolines and indenoisochromenes by rhodium-catalysed cyclocondensation of <i>N</i>-substituted benzamides with 2-diazoindenediones.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Basroparib inhibits YAP-driven cancers by stabilizing angiomotin.

Molecular oncology·2026
Same author

Epidemiology and Characteristics of Invasive Yeast Infections in Patients with Hematologic Diseases: 12-Year Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Pathologically Confirmed Dual Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Tracheobronchial Aspergillosis and Pulmonary Mucormycosis in a Non-Endemic Region: A Case Report.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Structural insights into gibberellin-mediated DELLA protein degradation.

Molecular plant·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F&#8722;
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

9.3K

Anion Binding by Electron-Deficient Arenes Based on Complementary Geometry and Charge Distribution.

Dong Young Kim1, Inacrist Geronimo1, N Jiten Singh1

  • 1Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology , San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea.

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
|November 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces novel neutral receptors for polyanions, utilizing extended electron-deficient arenes for strong σ-interaction binding. These receptors demonstrate high selectivity based on anion geometry, offering precise molecular recognition capabilities.

More Related Videos

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

11.9K
Chemical Modification of the Tryptophan Residue in a Recombinant Ca2+-ATPase N-domain for Studying Tryptophan-ANS FRET
12:07

Chemical Modification of the Tryptophan Residue in a Recombinant Ca2+-ATPase N-domain for Studying Tryptophan-ANS FRET

Published on: October 9, 2021

3.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F&#8722;
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

9.3K
Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

11.9K
Chemical Modification of the Tryptophan Residue in a Recombinant Ca2+-ATPase N-domain for Studying Tryptophan-ANS FRET
12:07

Chemical Modification of the Tryptophan Residue in a Recombinant Ca2+-ATPase N-domain for Studying Tryptophan-ANS FRET

Published on: October 9, 2021

3.8K

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Development of neutral receptors for polyanion recognition is crucial for chemical sensing and separation.
  • Extended arenes offer unique electronic properties for non-covalent interactions.
  • Tuning charge distribution in arene frameworks can enhance anion binding affinity and selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate extended electron-deficient arenes as neutral receptors for various polyanions.
  • To explore the mechanism of anion binding via σ-interaction with these arene systems.
  • To achieve selective polyanion recognition based on geometrical complementarity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of extended arenes composed of carbon and nitrogen ring atoms with cyano substituents.
  • Computational analysis of charge distribution and electrostatic potential on the arene frameworks.
  • Binding studies to evaluate complex stability and selectivity with different anions (halides, azide, nitrate, perchlorate, formate).

Main Results:

  • Extended arenes exhibit enhanced positive charge on aromatic carbons, maximizing binding strength.
  • Selective binding observed: halides (F-, Cl-) with receptor 6; linear azide (N3-) with receptor 7.
  • Trigonal nitrate (NO3-) and tetrahedral perchlorate (ClO4-) interact with receptor 6's 3-fold axis but show limited stability.
  • Y-shaped formate (HCOO-) forms stable complexes, particularly with receptor 7.

Conclusions:

  • Extended electron-deficient arenes serve as effective neutral receptors for polyanions.
  • Binding strength is maximized by enhanced positive charge on arene carbons via σ-interaction.
  • Geometrical fit and charge distribution enable selective recognition of anions, akin to molecular Lego blocks.