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Related Concept Videos

Motor Units00:46

Motor Units

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A motor unit consists of two main components: a single efferent motor neuron (i.e., a neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system) and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. The motor neuron may innervate multiple muscle fibers, which are single cells, but only one motor neuron innervates a single muscle fiber.
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Motor Units01:13

Motor Units

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The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
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Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins

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Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
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Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging
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Highly Efficient Light-Driven TiO2-Au Janus Micromotors.

Renfeng Dong1, Qilu Zhang1, Wei Gao2

  • 1Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China.

ACS Nano
|November 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel titanium dioxide-gold Janus micromotor offers fuel-free, light-driven propulsion in water. This photocatalytic micromotor demonstrates precise control and high speeds, paving the way for advanced applications.

Keywords:
Janus micormotorsTiO2fuel freelight drivenself-electrophoresis

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Photocatalysis

Background:

  • Chemically propelled micromotors often require toxic fuels and surfactants.
  • Developing fuel-free micro-machines is crucial for sustainable applications.
  • Light-driven propulsion offers a controllable and environmentally friendly alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly efficient, light-driven photocatalytic micromotor.
  • To achieve wireless steering and velocity control of micromotors.
  • To demonstrate fuel-free operation in pure water.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of titanium dioxide-gold (TiO2-Au) Janus micromotors with a diameter of approximately 1.0 μm.
  • Utilizing ultraviolet (UV) light for photocatalytic propulsion.
  • Modulating UV light intensity and frequency for motion control.

Main Results:

  • The TiO2-Au Janus micromotor operates efficiently in pure water with low UV light intensity (2.5 × 10(-3) W/cm(2)).
  • Speeds of up to 25 body lengths per second were achieved at higher UV intensity (40 × 10(-3) W/cm(2)), comparable to chemically propelled motors.
  • Propulsion could be switched on/off by light modulation, and speed was tunable with light intensity and low H2O2 concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The TiO2-Au Janus micromotor offers a promising fuel-free propulsion system.
  • Precise motion control and efficient operation under low light conditions are key advantages.
  • This technology has significant potential for diverse practical applications in micro-robotics and targeted delivery.