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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
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Frontotemporal dementia.

Jee Bang1, Salvatore Spina1, Bruce L Miller1

  • 1Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|November 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a group of neurodegenerative diseases affecting behavior, executive function, or language, common in those under 65. Advances in diagnosis now better distinguish FTD from psychiatric disorders, paving the way for targeted therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive behavioral, executive function, or language deficits.
  • It is a common cause of dementia in individuals under 65 years old.
  • FTD's behavioral symptoms can mimic psychiatric disorders, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and recent advancements in differentiating FTD from psychiatric conditions.
  • To discuss the implications of understanding FTD's molecular basis for future therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical, imaging, and molecular characteristics of FTD.
  • Analysis of neuropathological findings in FTD, focusing on frontal and temporal cortex degeneration.
  • Examination of the role of genetics in FTD etiology.

Main Results:

  • FTD encompasses diverse neuropathological entities causing selective frontal and temporal cortex degeneration.
  • Genetic factors are significant risk factors for FTD development.
  • Improved diagnostic accuracy allows better differentiation from psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in clinical, imaging, and molecular characterization enhance FTD diagnosis accuracy.
  • Understanding the molecular underpinnings of FTD is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
  • Accurate diagnosis is key to differentiating FTD from psychiatric conditions and initiating appropriate management.