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Related Concept Videos

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Spline modelling electron insert factors using routine measurements.

S Biggs1, M Sobolewski1, R Murry2

  • 1Riverina Cancer Care Centre, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia.

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
|November 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a simple empirical spline model to predict electron output factors for irregular fields using existing data. The model offers accurate predictions, reducing the need for manual measurements in clinical settings.

Keywords:
Bivariate spline modellingData interpolationElectron output factorElectron therapyInsert factor

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Manual measurement of electron output factors for irregular fields is time-consuming.
  • Existing prediction models may lack accuracy or simplicity for clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, accurate, and clinically applicable model for predicting electron output factors for irregular fields.
  • To utilize readily available data for model creation, minimizing additional measurements.

Main Methods:

  • An empirical spline model was developed for output factor prediction.
  • Equivalent ellipses were determined for irregular insert shapes, parameterized by width and perimeter-to-area ratio.
  • The model accounts for lateral scatter, bremsstrahlung, and edge scatter effects.

Main Results:

  • Agreement between prediction and measurement for 12 MeV data showed an uncertainty of 0.4% (1SD).
  • Maximum deviation between prediction and measurement across energies was 1.0%.
  • An approximate uncertainty of 0.5% (1SD) can be expected with as few as eight data points.

Conclusions:

  • The developed empirical spline model provides accurate electron output factor predictions.
  • The model's simplicity and accuracy make it suitable for clinical use, reducing manual measurement needs.
  • The method is freely available for implementation.