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Emergency Contraception: Do Your Patients Have a Plan B?

Holly Bullock1, Jennifer Salcedo1

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Summary

Emergency contraception methods vary in effectiveness, with the copper intrauterine device being the most effective. Access to highly effective options is limited, and follow-up with healthcare providers is recommended after use.

Keywords:
AccessCopper intrauterine deviceEmergency contraceptionLevonorgestrelUlipristal acetate

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Emergency contraception (EC) is crucial for preventing pregnancy after unprotected or inadequately protected intercourse or sexual assault.
  • Several EC methods are available, each with varying efficacy rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of different emergency contraception methods available in the United States.
  • To highlight challenges in accessing the most effective EC methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of available emergency contraception methods in the United States.
  • Comparison of efficacy based on existing data for each method.

Main Results:

  • The copper intrauterine device demonstrates the highest efficacy among available EC methods.
  • Ulipristal acetate, levonorgestrel pills, and the Yuzpe method follow in decreasing order of efficacy.
  • Significant limitations exist in accessing the most effective EC methods.

Conclusions:

  • While advanced prescription and counseling on EC pills are recommended, optimal outcomes require addressing access barriers to highly effective methods like the copper IUD.
  • Post-EC pill use, consultation with healthcare providers is advised to discuss IUD placement and further care.