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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

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Hemodynamic response function abnormalities in schizophrenia during a multisensory detection task.

Faith M Hanlon¹, Nicholas A Shaff¹, Andrew B Dodd¹

¹The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Human Brain Mapping

|November 25, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia patients show altered brain activity phases, specifically a reduced post-stimulus undershoot (PSU) in sensory areas and impaired default-mode network deactivation. These differences were not seen when only examining the positive BOLD response phase.

Keywords:

auditory blood oxygen level dependent response fMRI inhibition post-stimulus undershoot visual

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychiatric Disorders

Background:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response is common for studying schizophrenia (SP).
Traditional analyses often assume a fixed shape for the hemodynamic response function (HRF), focusing only on the positive BOLD phase.
Individual phases of the HRF, including the post-stimulus undershoot (PSU), may reveal distinct neuropathological differences in SP.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate both the positive and PSU phases of the HRF in SP compared to healthy controls (HC).
To examine group differences in brain activity during a multisensory detection task using a rapid event-related fMRI paradigm.

Main Methods:

Employed a rapid event-related fMRI paradigm with a multisensory detection task.
Analyzed both the positive and post-stimulus undershoot (PSU) phases of the hemodynamic response function (HRF).
Compared brain activity patterns between schizophrenia patients (SP) and healthy controls (HC).

Main Results:

Schizophrenia patients (SP) exhibited a reduced and/or prolonged PSU in auditory and visual sensory areas compared to healthy controls (HC).
SP did not show the typical task-induced deactivation in the anterior default-mode network (aDMN).
No group differences were found when traditional analyses focused solely on the positive BOLD phase.

Conclusions:

The positive and PSU phases of the HRF are differentially affected in schizophrenia, suggesting distinct underlying neural processes.
Abnormalities in the PSU and aDMN deactivation in SP may stem from a common neural mechanism, possibly impaired neural inhibition.
Focusing solely on the positive BOLD phase may obscure critical neuropathological differences in schizophrenia.