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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Bone Remodeling Under Pathological Conditions.

Wenmei Xiao, Shuai Li, Sandra Pacios

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    Bone remodeling normally repairs bone, but disease can cause net bone loss. This review examines how increased resorption and uncoupling lead to bone loss in conditions like osteoporosis and arthritis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Bone biology and skeletal remodeling.
    • Pathophysiology of bone loss.

    Background:

    • Bone repair relies on coupled bone formation and resorption.
    • Imbalances in this process lead to net bone loss in various conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review four pathologic conditions causing net bone loss: postmenopausal osteoporosis, arthritis, periodontal disease, and disuse bone loss.
    • To explore the mechanisms of accelerated bone resorption and uncoupling in these conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of literature on bone remodeling and related diseases.
    • Analysis of molecular mechanisms driving bone resorption and impaired formation.

    Main Results:

    • Accelerated bone resorption and uncoupling are key to net bone loss.
    • Increased inflammatory cytokines and RANKL expression drive resorption.
    • Decreased growth factors and Wnt signaling inhibition contribute to uncoupling.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing treatments for bone loss disorders.
    • Targeting inflammatory pathways and signaling molecules may restore bone balance.