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Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
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Management of Insomnia01:19

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Sleep Disturbance in Substance Use Disorders.

Timothy A Roehrs1, Thomas Roth1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Sleep Disorders & Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

The Psychiatric Clinics of North America
|November 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep and alertness disturbances significantly impact substance use disorders, influencing initiation, maintenance, and relapse. Addressing these sleep issues is crucial for effective treatment and recovery.

Keywords:
AlcoholismAlertness disturbanceDaytime sleepinessInsomniaSubstance abuse

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Substance use disorders (SUDs) are complex conditions with significant public health implications.
  • Sleep disturbances are frequently comorbid with SUDs, yet their precise role remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted role of sleep and alertness disturbances in the trajectory of substance use disorders.
  • To explore how disrupted sleep influences the initiation, maintenance, and relapse phases of SUDs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing findings from preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of neurobiological and psychological mechanisms linking sleep disruption to substance use.

Main Results:

  • Sleep disturbances are implicated in the initiation of substance use by altering reward pathways and executive functions.
  • Disrupted sleep patterns contribute to the maintenance of SUDs through craving, withdrawal, and impaired cognitive control.
  • Poor sleep and alertness are significant predictors of relapse in individuals recovering from SUDs.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep and alertness disturbances are critical factors in the development and persistence of substance use disorders.
  • Targeting sleep problems may represent a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for improving SUD treatment outcomes and preventing relapse.