Eosinophilic esophagitis: From pathophysiology to treatment

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Immunology
• Allergy

Background:

• Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated esophageal disease.
• Increasing incidence in adults, presenting with dysphagia and reflux-like symptoms.
• Strong association with atopic diseases suggests shared allergic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of EoE pathophysiology.
• To illustrate the safety and efficacy of recent medical and endoscopic treatments for EoE.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of evidence on EoE pathophysiology.
• Summary of safety and efficacy data for current EoE therapies.

Main Results:

• EoE diagnosis requires esophageal biopsies, considering clinical symptoms and PPI response.
• Elimination diets are first-line for children; adults often need steroids.
• Complications include esophageal stricture and stenosis, requiring endoscopic intervention.

Conclusions:

• EoE pathophysiology is complex and not fully elucidated.
• Current treatments include dietary changes, steroids, and endoscopic procedures.
• Further research is needed to understand EoE etiology and improve management.