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Alphaviral equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern, Western and Venezuelan)
Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
|November 26, 2015
Summary
Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis are severe mosquito-borne diseases affecting horses and humans. This review analyzes the evolution of these alphaviruses and discusses potential vaccines for prevention.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Public Health
- Arbovirology
Background:
- Equine encephalomyelitis, caused by Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV), Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV), and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV), poses significant risks to animal and human health.
- These mosquito-borne alphaviruses are notifiable diseases and potential bioweapons, necessitating effective countermeasures.
- The viruses, while related, exhibit genetic and antigenic distinctions, influencing disease presentation and vaccine development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the scientific literature on the evolutionary pathways of EEEV, WEEV, and VEEV.
- To analyze the current landscape of potential vaccines against these equine encephalomyelitis viruses.
- To highlight the public health and veterinary importance of understanding alphavirus evolution and control.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific publications on alphavirus evolution and vaccine development.
- Analysis of genetic and antigenic data for EEEV, WEEV, and VEEV.
- Synthesis of information regarding disease characteristics and impact.
Main Results:
- EEEV, WEEV, and VEEV are distinct alphaviruses with significant neurotropic potential.
- Equine encephalomyelitis can be fatal in up to 90% of cases in horses and humans.
- While survivors gain immunity, permanent neuropathology can occur.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the evolution of EEEV, WEEV, and VEEV is crucial for developing effective vaccines.
- The high fatality rate and potential for neuropathology underscore the urgency for vaccine research.
- Continued surveillance and research are vital for managing and preventing alphaviral equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks.
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