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Rabies DNA vaccination by the intranasal route in dogs
E Tesoro Cruz1, R Hernández González, R Alonso Morales
1Departamento de Investigación Experimental y Bioterio del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico. emiliano_tesoro@hotmail.com.mx
Developments in Biologicals
|August 2, 2006
Summary
A novel DNA vaccine for rabies virus was tested using intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) routes in mice and dogs. The IN route showed promising results, offering easier application and mucosal protection for canine rabies vaccination.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary immunology
- Vaccinology
- Molecular virology
Background:
- Rabies virus poses a significant threat to canine health and public safety.
- Traditional live rabies vaccines carry risks of environmental contamination.
- DNA vaccines offer a safer alternative for inducing protective immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of a DNA vaccine administered via the intranasal (IN) route in mice and dogs.
- To compare the IN route with the traditional intramuscular (IM) route for rabies DNA vaccination.
- To assess the induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity.
Main Methods:
- Development of a DNA vaccine encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein gene.
- Immunization of mice and dogs using IN and IM routes with the DNA vaccine.
- Challenge studies in mice to assess survival rates.
- Monitoring of virus-neutralizing antibody titers in both species.
Main Results:
- Both IN and IM routes induced virus-neutralizing antibodies in mice and dogs.
- IM vaccination resulted in higher antibody titers than IN vaccination in mice.
- 80% of IN-vaccinated mice and 100% of IM-vaccinated mice survived rabies challenge.
- Dogs vaccinated via the IN route showed significant antibody responses, increasing after a booster dose.
Conclusions:
- The DNA vaccine (pGQH) is effective when administered via the IN route, inducing protective immunity.
- Intranasal vaccination offers advantages such as ease of application and mucosal immunity.
- This vaccination strategy is a promising, less stressful alternative for canine rabies control campaigns.
