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Deep grey matter MRI abnormalities and cognitive function in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Laëtitia Debernard1, Tracy R Melzer1, Sridhar Alla1

  • 1New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand; University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Psychiatry Research
|November 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Deep grey matter (GM) volume reductions in the thalamus, hippocampus, and putamen are evident in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). These volumetric changes correlate with subtle cognitive impairments, particularly in information processing speed.

Keywords:
AtrophyDeep grey matterDiffusionMRIPerfusionRelapsing/remitting

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Deep grey matter (GM) involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) is known, but in-vivo multi-parameter MRI studies linked to cognitive function are limited.
  • Understanding deep GM changes is crucial for assessing cognitive deficits in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate volumetric, diffusion, and perfusion metrics in deep GM structures in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients.
  • To correlate these MRI metrics with detailed cognitive measures across four domains.
  • To explore the relationship between deep GM changes and cognitive performance in RRMS.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-parameter MRI (volumetric, diffusion, perfusion) was used on 60 RRMS patients and 30 healthy controls.
  • Specific deep GM structures analyzed included thalamus, hippocampus, putamen, caudate nucleus, and globus pallidus.
  • Neuropsychological tests assessed cognitive performance across four domains.

Main Results:

  • RRMS patients showed significantly reduced volumes in the thalamus, hippocampus, and putamen compared to controls.
  • No significant diffusion or perfusion changes were detected in these deep GM structures.
  • Decreased deep GM volumes were associated with modest reductions in cognitive performance, especially information processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced deep grey matter volume in specific structures is a feature of RRMS.
  • These volumetric changes are linked to subtle cognitive deficits, suggesting network disruption.
  • Longitudinal studies are recommended to track the impact of deep GM changes on cognitive decline in MS.