Exploring Parental Bonding in BED and Non-BED Obesity Compared with Healthy Controls: Clinical, Personality and
Federico Amianto1, Roberta Ercole1, Giovanni Abbate Daga1
1Neurosciences Department of University of Torino, Psychiatry Section, Regional Pilot Centre for Eating Disorders, Italy.
Insights
Parental bonding significantly impacts obesity and personality in women. Two distinct parenting clusters emerged in obese women, influencing psychopathology and treatment personalization.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Psychology
- Obesity Research
Background:
- Inadequate early attachment experiences are linked to obesity and Binge Eating Disorder (BED).
- Parental bonding, personality, and psychopathology influence obesity treatment strategies.
- Understanding these relationships is crucial for personalized interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between parental bonding, personality, and psychopathology in obese women with and without BED.
- To identify distinct parenting typologies among obese women.
- To explore the implications for treatment personalization.
Main Methods:
- 443 obese women (243 with BED, 200 without BED) and 158 female controls were assessed.
- Parental bonding was measured using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI).
- Attachment, personality, and eating psychopathology were evaluated; cluster analysis was performed.
Main Results:
- Obese subjects showed lower parental bonding scores than controls.
- Two parenting clusters were identified in obese women: one with intermediate care/overprotection, another with lower care/higher overcontrol.
- The cluster with lower care exhibited more extreme personality traits and severe psychopathology.
Conclusions:
- Parenting dynamics are associated with specific personality patterns and eating psychopathology in obese women.
- These parenting-based typologies may be more significant than BED status for understanding personality differences.
- Identifying these typologies can inform personalized treatment approaches for obesity.
Abstract:
Early inadequate attachment experiences are relevant co-factors in the development of obesity and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), which often concurs with obesity. The relationship of parental bonding with personality and psychopathology may influence treatment strategies for obese subjects, either affected or not with BED. In this study, 443 obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)), including 243 with and 200 without BED, and 158 female controls were assessed with regards to attachment, personality and eating psychopathology measures. Clusters obtained using the scores of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) were compared with each other and with a control subjects' group. Lower scores of parental bonding distinguished obese subjects with respect to healthy controls. The cluster analysis revealed two clusters of parenting among obese subjects. The larger one displayed intermediate care and overprotection between controls and the smaller cluster, with the exception of paternal overprotection which is similar to controls. This larger cluster was characterized by low persistence and levels of psychopathology which are intermediate between healthy controls and the smaller cluster. The smaller cluster displayed lower care and higher overcontrol from both parents. It also displays more extreme personality traits (high novelty seeking and harm avoidance, and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness) and more severe eating and general psychopathology. Different parenting dynamics relate to different personality patterns and eating psychopathology of obese subjects, but not to binge eating conducts. Personality differences between parenting clusters are more extensive than those between BED and non-BED subgroups. The two different typologies of obese subjects based on parenting may be relevant for treatment personalization.
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