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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

37
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
37
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

3.3K
Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Hepatitis C eradication: A long way to go.

Yasir Waheed1

  • 1Yasir Waheed, Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|November 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects 185 million globally, with effective treatments available but hindered by high costs and poor blood screening. Global collaboration is crucial for HCV eradication.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Virology
  • Global Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a significant global health burden, impacting 185 million individuals worldwide, predominantly in low and middle-income countries.
  • Despite advancements in highly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments, HCV eradication remains a challenge due to substantial cost barriers and inadequate blood transfusion screening protocols.

Discussion:

  • The high cost of sofosbuvir-based treatments, ranging from $85,000-$110,000 per patient in the US, starkly contrasts with production costs under $250 for a 12-week DAA regimen.
  • A critical impediment to HCV elimination is the insufficient quality management of blood transfusion services, leading to an estimated 75% of infected individuals in the US remaining undiagnosed.

Key Insights:

  • Effective Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments exist, but their high price is a major obstacle to global eradication efforts.
Keywords:
DiagnosticsHepatitis C virusScreeningTransfusionTreatment

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  • Lack of universal HCV screening in blood transfusions contributes significantly to undiagnosed infections and disease transmission.

    • Outlook:

    • Achieving global Hepatitis C virus (HCV) pandemic control necessitates substantial financial investment, robust political commitment, and collaborative support from medical, pharmaceutical, and civil sectors worldwide.
    • Addressing the economic and infrastructural barriers is paramount for realizing the goal of HCV eradication.