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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Managing nut-induced anaphylaxis: challenges and solutions.

Jeanne M Lomas1, Kirsi M Järvinen1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.

Journal of Asthma and Allergy
|November 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peanut and tree nut allergies are rising, particularly in children, and can cause fatal anaphylaxis. Research into new treatments like allergen immunotherapy shows promise but requires more study for widespread use.

Keywords:
anaphylaxisavoidancecross-reactivityimmunotherapypeanuttree nut

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of peanut and tree nut allergies in the USA, especially among children.
  • Nut allergy is a primary cause of fatal anaphylactic reactions.
  • Current management involves strict avoidance, education, and emergency treatment of anaphylaxis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of nut allergy management and emerging research.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding cross-reactivity and cross-contamination.
  • To discuss the potential of novel treatments like allergen immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current nut allergy prevalence, management strategies, and research.
  • Discussion of cross-reactivity and cross-contamination risks.
  • Overview of emerging treatments, including allergen immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Nut allergies are a significant and growing public health concern, particularly in pediatrics.
  • Effective management requires comprehensive strategies beyond immediate symptom treatment.
  • Emerging research, such as allergen immunotherapy, shows encouraging results for future treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • Strict dietary adherence and education are crucial for managing nut allergies.
  • Further research is essential to establish the safety and long-term efficacy of new treatments like allergen immunotherapy before clinical implementation.