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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.2K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
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Circulating Extracellular microRNA in Systemic Autoimmunity.

Niels H H Heegaard1,2, Anting Liu Carlsen3,4, Kerstin Skovgaard5

  • 1Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Bldg. 81, Rm. 419, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark. nhe@ssi.dk.

Experientia Supplementum (2012)
|November 27, 2015
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Summary

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as biomarkers for autoimmune diseases. These extracellular molecules, protected from degradation, reflect immune system changes and could aid in diagnosis.

Keywords:
Animal modelsAutoimmune diseaseCirculating microRNAImmune systemImmunomodulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression, found both inside cells and extracellularly in bodily fluids.
  • Extracellular miRNAs are protected from degradation, making them stable biomarkers.
  • Distinct miRNA expression patterns are observed in various physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of circulating miRNAs in animal models of inflammation and human systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • To summarize the proposed functions of miRNAs in immune regulation and dysregulation.
  • To assess the diagnostic potential of circulating miRNA profiles in autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miRNAs in inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of miRNA expression in animal models and human cohorts.
  • Summary of proposed miRNA functions in immune processes.

Main Results:

  • Circulating miRNAs are detected in plasma and serum, protected by carrier proteins or vesicles.
  • Specific circulating miRNA profiles are associated with systemic autoimmune diseases like SLE, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • miRNA expression changes are linked to inflammation and immune cell dysregulation in autoimmune conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating miRNAs hold diagnostic potential for autoimmune diseases.
  • Further research is needed to understand the link between cellular and extracellular miRNA profiles.
  • Advancements in analytical methods and standardized sample processing are crucial for clinical translation.