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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Perturbations of Circulating miRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Detected Using a Multiplexed High-throughput Gene Expression Platform
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Circulating microRNAs in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Maria Gazouli1

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 11527, Athens, Greece. mgazouli@med.uoa.gr.

Experientia Supplementum (2012)
|November 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show altered expression in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These circulating miRNAs may serve as promising noninvasive biomarkers for IBD diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
Crohn’s diseaseInflammationInflammatory bowel diseaseUlcerative colitismiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic, idiopathic, polygenic conditions characterized by significant genetic heterogeneity.
  • Chronic intestinal inflammation in IBD arises from complex interactions between genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors, where dysregulated immune responses play a pivotal role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of IBD.
  • To identify potential noninvasive biomarkers for IBD diagnosis and follow-up.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies investigating miRNA expression profiles in IBD tissues and blood.
  • Comparison of miRNA expression in patients with CD and UC versus healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 100 miRNAs exhibit altered expression in IBD tissues and blood compared to healthy individuals.
  • miRNAs are implicated as key regulators of immune response pathways, immune cell development, intestinal epithelial barrier function, and autophagy.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating microRNAs represent promising noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of IBD.
  • Further research comparing tissue and blood miRNA profiles is essential for clinical application.