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External memory aids for memory problems in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.

Rachel Goodwin1,2, Nadina Lincoln1, Roshan das Nair1,3

  • 1a Division of Rehabilitation & Ageing , University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre , Nottingham , UK.

Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
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External memory aids may help people with multiple sclerosis (MS) manage memory issues. However, current evidence is insufficient to confirm their effectiveness for improving memory function in MS patients.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Memory problems affect 40-60% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), significantly impacting daily life.
  • External memory aids are effective for stroke and brain injury patients, suggesting potential benefits for MS.
  • Previous reviews focused solely on randomized trials, necessitating a broader methodological approach for MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of external memory aids in improving memory functioning, mood, quality of life, and coping strategies for people with MS.
  • To synthesize evidence from diverse study designs, including non-randomized trials, to provide a comprehensive assessment.
  • To identify the potential of memory aids in mitigating the cognitive challenges faced by MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of seven databases for intervention studies involving external memory aids (e.g., PDAs) in at least 75% of MS participants.
  • Inclusion of studies with various designs, assessing quality using the Single Case Experimental Design (SCED) or PEDro scale.
  • Analysis of nine studies encompassing 540 participants, including one SCED and eight group studies.

Main Results:

  • One study showed a significant improvement in subjective memory functioning.
  • Two studies reported significant positive effects on mood.
  • Two studies indicated significant improvements in coping strategies.
  • Overall, findings suggest limited but potential benefits in specific areas.

Conclusions:

  • There is currently insufficient evidence to definitively support or refute the effectiveness of external memory aids for improving memory function in people with MS.
  • Further high-quality research with robust methodologies is required to establish the efficacy of these aids.
  • While some studies show promise for mood and coping, memory improvement remains inconclusive.