Developing a job retention vocational rehabilitation intervention for people with long covid: a person-based approach

Long covid affects a significant proportion of people following SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with persistent symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and breathlessness which can negatively impact a person's ability to return to and remain in work. Although tiered vocational rehabilitation (VR) models have been proposed, these are often generic, lack empirical validation and may not address the complex, fluctuating needs of this population.

To co-design a VR intervention (the COVID-19-VR intervention) to support return to work (RTW) for people with long covid (pwLC).

Primary and secondary care.

Mixed-methods target population-centred, person-based approach in three stages: Stage 1: interviews (n=21) with pwLC to identify issues and challenges faced in working with long covid. Stage 2: three co-design workshops with pwLC and service providers to (a) generate guiding principles, (b) identify key intervention features to address work needs, (c) create a logic model to illustrate how the intervention could work and (d) develop a treatment plan and resources. Stage 3: feasibility and acceptability testing in six cases (three critical care admissions, three primary care referrals).

PwLC described work-related problems relating to: fluctuating symptoms (cognition, fatigue and breathlessness), employer, coworker and family's understanding of long covid and workplace adjustments. We developed a 6-session, 12-week individually tailored, remotely delivered intervention that included vocational goal setting, RTW planning, fatigue/symptom management, financial advice, and where permitted, education for family/employers, employer engagement and negotiation of a phased RTW. Following feasibility testing, changes included accommodating the long-term nature of long covid, addressing unmet psychological needs, and adding content on adjustment, processing traumatic experience and performance/symptom anxiety, with extended delivery including monitoring, review and case coordination.

PwLC may need specialist help to RTW. Our COVID-19-VR appears feasible and acceptable and warrants further evaluation using a staged approach, prior to any definitive effectiveness trial.