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Related Concept Videos

Unusual Results01:16

Unusual Results

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Unusual results are those that have a very low chance of occurring. Unusual results can be identified using probabilities and the range rule of thumb. In problems involving probability, unusual results can be observed in 2 instances – an unusually high number of successes or an unusually low number of successes.
According to the range rule of thumb, any value above or below two standard deviations, 2σ  from the mean, μ  is considered unusual.
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The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are obtained after the standardization of the values in a dataset. The z score for the mean is 0.
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Cerebral Hemispheres

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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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Unusual Cerebral Emboli.

Nader Zakhari1, Mauricio Castillo2, Carlos Torres3

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada.

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|November 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Less common brain emboli, such as air, fat, or tumor cells, have unique imaging features. Recognizing these can help diagnose specific causes of cerebral infarction beyond typical blood clots.

Keywords:
Air embolismCerebral embolismFat embolismMyxomaParadoxic embolismSeptic emboli

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Embolic disease to the brain commonly originates from the heart and carotid arteries.
  • Blood clots are the most frequent type of cerebral emboli.
  • Less common emboli include air, fat, calcium, infected vegetations, tumor cells, and venous system origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the ancillary and unique imaging features of less common cerebral emboli.
  • To aid in the specific diagnosis or suspicion of non-thrombotic causes of cerebral infarction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging characteristics associated with various types of cerebral emboli.
  • Correlation of imaging findings with specific embolic materials and sources.

Main Results:

  • Identification of distinct imaging patterns for uncommon cerebral emboli.
  • Demonstration of how these features can suggest diagnoses beyond typical embolic stroke.

Conclusions:

  • Imaging plays a crucial role in identifying the source and type of cerebral emboli.
  • Recognition of unique features of less common emboli can improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management.