Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

960
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
960

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Regarding "Rates of Epidural Blood Patch following Lumbar Puncture Comparing Atraumatic versus Bevel-Tip Needles Stratified for Body Mass Index".

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2023
Same author

Enhancing Annular Fissures and High-Intensity Zones: Pain, Internal Derangement, and Anesthetic Response at Provocation Lumbar Discography.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2022
Same author

Assessing Postconcussive Reaction Time Using Transport-Based Morphometry of Diffusion Tensor Images.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2019
Same author

Intracranial Perishunt Catheter Fluid Collections with Edema, a Sign of Shunt Malfunction: Correlation of CT/MRI and Nuclear Medicine Findings.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2017
Same author

Discordant Observation of Brain Injury by MRI and Malignant Electroencephalography Patterns in Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest following Therapeutic Hypothermia.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2016
Same author

Principal Component Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Images to Determine White Matter Injury Patterns Underlying Postconcussive Headache.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2015
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy Under Local Anesthesia for L5/S1 Adjacent Segment Foraminal Stenosis
07:44

Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy Under Local Anesthesia for L5/S1 Adjacent Segment Foraminal Stenosis

Published on: October 17, 2025

1.7K

CT-Fluoroscopic Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections: Extraforaminal Needle Tip Position Decreases

G M Lagemann1, M P Yannes2, A Ghodadra2

  • 1From the Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. lagemanngm@upmc.edu.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|November 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Choosing an extraforaminal needle position for CT-guided cervical epidural steroid injections significantly reduces the risk of intravascular injection. This finding suggests a safer approach for patients with cervical radiculopathy.

More Related Videos

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
05:50

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations

Published on: August 7, 2018

12.5K
Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
05:37

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy Under Local Anesthesia for L5/S1 Adjacent Segment Foraminal Stenosis
07:44

Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy Under Local Anesthesia for L5/S1 Adjacent Segment Foraminal Stenosis

Published on: October 17, 2025

1.7K
A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
05:50

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations

Published on: August 7, 2018

12.5K
Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
05:37

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections are common for radiculopathy pain.
  • Intravascular injection risks include stroke and death.
  • CT-fluoroscopy offers precise needle guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the safest needle tip position for CT-guided cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections.
  • To determine the safest position by analyzing the incidence of intravascular injection.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 201 CT-fluoroscopic cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections.
  • Identification and classification of intravascular injections based on volume, phase, vessel, and needle position.
  • Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Wilcoxon, Pearson χ(2)) to compare intravascular injection rates across needle positions.

Main Results:

  • Intravascular injections occurred in 24% of procedures (49/201).
  • The intravascular injection rate was significantly lower (10%) with an extraforaminal needle position compared to junctional (31%) or foraminal (45%) positions (P < .001).
  • Most intravascular injections were venous (55%) or indeterminate (45%), with no likely arterial injections.

Conclusions:

  • An extraforaminal needle tip position is associated with a lower incidence of intravascular injection during CT-guided cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections.
  • This extraforaminal approach may offer a safer alternative to other needle positions for this procedure.