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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
Published on: June 28, 2018
Separating Exchange Splitting from Spin Mixing in Gadolinium by Femtosecond Laser Excitation
Beatrice Andres1, Marc Christ1, Cornelius Gahl1
1Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Abstract:
Employing spin-, time-, and energy-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we present the first study on the spin polarization of a single electronic state after ultrafast optical excitation. Our investigation concentrates on the majority-spin component of the d-band-derived Gd(0001) surface state d(z(2))(↑). While its binding energy shows a rapid Stoner-like shift by 90 meV with an exponential time constant of τ(E)=0.6±0.1 ps, the d(z(2))(↑) spin polarization remains nearly constant within the first picoseconds and decays with τ(S)=15±8 ps. This behavior is in clear contrast to the equilibrium phase transition, where the spin polarization vanishes at the Curie temperature.
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