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Prevention and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B

Mamatha Bhat1, Peter Ghali1, Marc Deschenes1

  • 1McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada.

International Journal of Preventive Medicine
|December 2, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection impacts millions globally, leading to severe liver disease and cancer. Prevention through screening and vaccination, alongside ongoing antiviral therapy, is crucial for managing this persistent viral infection.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health issue affecting 370 million people.
  • HBV infection causes insidious liver damage, potentially leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Up to 25-35% of infected individuals may die from HBV-related liver complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a practical approach to the prevention of HBV infection.
  • To review the natural history and life cycle of the hepatitis B virus.
  • To outline current management strategies for chronic hepatitis B.

Main Methods:

  • This clinical review synthesizes information on HBV prevention, natural history, and management.
  • It discusses screening at-risk populations and universal vaccination strategies.
  • The review covers the role of antiviral therapies in suppressing HBV replication.

Main Results:

  • Prevention strategies like screening and vaccination are vital for limiting HBV spread.
  • While current antivirals do not offer a cure, they effectively suppress HBV replication.
  • Continuous suppression of HBV can prolong life and reduce the risk of HCC in patients with advanced liver disease.

Conclusions:

  • Effective prevention and management strategies are essential to combat the global burden of chronic hepatitis B.
  • Antiviral therapies play a critical role in managing HBV infection, particularly in individuals with advanced liver disease.
  • Further research and public health initiatives are needed to control HBV and its severe complications.

Keywords:
Antiviral treatmentdiagnosishepatitis Bprevention

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