Blastomyces dermatitidis infections in the RSA

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis.
• Limited data exists on blastomycosis epidemiology and fungal strain characteristics in the Republic of South Africa (RSA).

Purpose of the Study:

• To report on confirmed cases of blastomycosis in the RSA.
• To compare Blastomyces dermatitidis strains from the RSA with those from North America.
• To outline diagnostic methods for blastomycosis.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective case review of 20 blastomycosis cases in the RSA.
• Comparative analysis of RSA and North American Blastomyces dermatitidis strains based on morphology, culture, antigenic structure, and mating compatibility.
• Description of diagnostic techniques including direct examination, histology, and culture.

Main Results:

• Twenty cases of blastomycosis were identified in the RSA, with 9 cases being newly reported.
• Patients originated from all four provinces, with a mean age of 40 years.
• Significant differences were observed between RSA and North American Blastomyces dermatitidis strains in several characteristics.
• Diagnosis was confirmed through direct examination, histology, and culture.

Conclusions:

• Blastomycosis occurs in the RSA and presents unique characteristics compared to North American isolates.
• Accurate diagnosis relies on a combination of direct microscopic examination, histological findings, and definitive culture.
• Further research into RSA fungal strains is warranted.