Toxocariasis: A Review for Pediatricians

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Toxocariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Toxocara roundworms, commonly found in dogs and cats.
• It is endemic in the United States, posing significant health risks, particularly to children.
• The infection can lead to severe visceral or ocular complications affecting the lungs, liver, central nervous system, and eyes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of toxocariasis.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical syndromes: visceral and ocular toxocariasis.
• Discussion of diagnostic methods, including serologic testing.
• Outline of treatment options and preventive strategies.

Main Results:

• Visceral toxocariasis presents with symptoms like abdominal pain, cough, and wheezing.
• Ocular toxocariasis commonly causes vision loss and strabismus.
• Serologic tests detect antibodies but may not confirm active infection; treatment varies by syndrome.

Conclusions:

• Toxocariasis requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, with albendazole or mebendazole for visceral cases.
• Ocular toxocariasis management may involve corticosteroids, surgery, or antiparasitic drugs.
• Preventive measures include hygiene, pet deworming, and responsible pet waste disposal to reduce transmission.