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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
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A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

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Caldecrin: A pancreas-derived hypocalcemic factor, regulates osteoclast formation and function.

Mineko Tomomura1, Akito Tomomura1

  • 1Mineko Tomomura, Meikai Pharmaco-Medical Laboratory, MPL and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan.

World Journal of Biological Chemistry
|December 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Caldecrin, a pancreatic protease, effectively inhibits bone resorption and osteoclast formation. This unique enzyme shows therapeutic potential for treating bone diseases like osteoporosis.

Keywords:
Bone resorptionCalcium signalingChymotrypsinHypocalcemiaOsteoclastsSerine protease

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Caldecrin, a serine protease from the pancreas, exhibits chymotrypsin-like activity and belongs to the elastase family.
  • Initially identified for its calcium-lowering effects, its role in bone metabolism was further investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the anti-osteoclastogenic and bone resorption inhibitory activities of caldecrin.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying caldecrin's effects on bone metabolism, independent of its protease activity.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo studies using ovariectomized mice to assess caldecrin's effect on bone resorption.
  • In vitro experiments using fetal mouse long bone organ cultures and bone marrow cells to analyze caldecrin's impact on osteoclastogenesis and activity.
  • Investigating the RANKL-stimulated signaling pathways affected by caldecrin.

Main Results:

  • Ectopic caldecrin expression prevented bone resorption in vivo.
  • Caldecrin inhibited parathyroid hormone-stimulated calcium release and suppressed osteoclast formation by interfering with the RANKL-stimulated pathway.
  • Caldecrin also inhibited mature osteoclast bone resorption by preventing RANKL-stimulated Src activation and actin ring formation.

Conclusions:

  • Caldecrin is a multifunctional protease with significant anti-osteoclastogenic activities, distinct from its protease function.
  • Caldecrin demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.