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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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Dynamic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Major Depression.

Roselinde H Kaiser1, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli2, Daniel G Dillon1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, and Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|December 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to altered brain network dynamics. Individuals with MDD show less stable connections in the default network but more variable connections involving attention and self-referential processing regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with abnormal resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), particularly in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) regions.
  • Previous studies have not fully explored the dynamic nature of functional connectivity changes over time in MDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamic changes in RSFC in unmedicated individuals with MDD compared to controls.
  • To examine the relationship between symptom severity, rumination, and dynamic RSFC in MDD.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess dynamic RSFC in unmedicated MDD patients (n=100) and controls (n=109).
  • Dynamic RSFC was operationalized as the standard deviation in RSFC over sliding windows, focusing on an MPFC seed region.
  • Secondary analyses explored associations with depression severity and rumination.

Main Results:

  • MDD patients exhibited decreased dynamic RSFC between MPFC and the parahippocampal gyrus, indicating less variable connectivity within the default network.
  • Conversely, the MDD group showed increased dynamic RSFC between MPFC and the insula, with higher depression severity correlating with increased dynamic RSFC between MPFC and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
  • Highly variable RSFC patterns were linked to frequent strong positive and negative correlations in activity across time windows, and increased MPFC-insula dynamic RSFC correlated with higher rumination.

Conclusions:

  • Depression is associated with abnormal fluctuating communication patterns among brain systems involved in attention and self-referential thought.
  • Dynamic RSFC alterations, particularly involving the MPFC, insula, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, may be a neural correlate of depression and rumination.