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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

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When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
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Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

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Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
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Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

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Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Learning-induced synaptic potentiation in implanted neural precursor cell-derived neurons.

Kyungjoon Park1, Hwon Heo1, Ma Eum Han1

  • 1Department of Biology, Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Scientific Reports
|December 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Neural stem cell implants integrate into the brain, replacing lost neurons and restoring memory function. These new neurons form functional synapses and participate in learning via long-term potentiation (LTP).

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Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases, TBI, and stroke cause neuronal loss and cognitive deficits.
  • Neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) offer potential for neuronal replacement and functional recovery.
  • Synaptic integration of transplanted cells is crucial for brain repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the functional properties of immortalized HiB5 neural progenitor cells after hippocampal implantation.
  • To assess the synaptic integration and functional recovery following HiB5 cell transplantation in a rat model.

Main Methods:

  • HiB5 cells were implanted into the hippocampus of rats with chemically induced lesions.
  • Cell migration, differentiation, and electrophysiological properties were analyzed.
  • Memory function was assessed using inhibitory avoidance (IA) learning tasks.
  • Long-term potentiation (LTP) was measured ex vivo.

Main Results:

  • Implanted HiB5 cells migrated and differentiated into functional glutamatergic neurons in the CA1 region.
  • These neurons exhibited morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of endogenous neurons.
  • HiB5 cell transplantation significantly recovered memory deficits caused by the lesion.
  • IA learning induced LTP at synapses onto HiB5-derived neurons, indicating active participation in learning.

Conclusions:

  • Implanted HiB5 cells can differentiate into functional neurons that integrate into existing neural circuits.
  • These cells actively participate in cognitive processes like learning through synaptic plasticity mechanisms such as LTP.
  • HiB5 cell transplantation represents a promising therapeutic strategy for memory impairment due to neuronal loss.