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Sensing Atomic Motion from the Zero Point to Room Temperature with Ultrafast Atom Interferometry.

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  • 1Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

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Researchers developed an atom interferometer to measure the motion of trapped ions. This technique accurately quantizes quantum and thermal states, advancing quantum sensing and control.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Trapped atomic ions are crucial for quantum computing and sensing.
  • Precisely measuring ion motion is essential for characterizing quantum states and controlling quantum systems.
  • Existing methods have limitations in dynamic range and precision for motional state characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel atom interferometry technique for sensing ion motion.
  • To accurately characterize quantum and thermal motional states of trapped ions across a wide energy range.
  • To explore the application of this technique in quantum thermometry and ultrafast gate characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a sequence of state-dependent ultrafast momentum kicks on a trapped atomic ion.
  • Employing atom interferometry to probe the motional state of the ion.
  • Measuring the ion's motional state from near zero-point energy to high thermal populations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully characterized a nearly pure quantum state with n=1 phonon.
  • Accurately measured thermal states spanning from near zero-point energy to n[over ¯]~10⁴.
  • Demonstrated the technique's capability to extend to significantly higher energies.
  • Showcased the method's applicability beyond the Lamb-Dicke regime.

Conclusions:

  • The developed atom interferometer provides a powerful tool for precise motional state characterization of trapped ions.
  • This technique offers a broad dynamic range suitable for both quantum ground states and high-temperature thermal states.
  • Interferometric methods show promise for advanced quantum thermometry and characterizing ultrafast entangling gates in multi-ion systems.