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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

7.8K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
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Bode Plots Construction01:24

Bode Plots Construction

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The Bode plot is an essential tool in control system analysis, mapping the frequency response of a system through a magnitude plot and a phase plot, both against a logarithmic frequency axis. To construct a Bode plot, consider the transfer function H(ω):
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
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Software for computerised analysis of cardiotocographic traces.

M Romano1, P Bifulco2, M Ruffo2

  • 1DMSC, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
|December 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces new software for automated fetal heart rate analysis, aiming to reduce variability in cardiotocography interpretation. While accurate on simulated data, its performance against expert clinicians requires further refinement.

Keywords:
Computerised cardiotocographyFHR clinical analysisFoetal heart rate variabilityMatlabNonlinear indicesSoftware performance

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background:

  • Cardiotocography (CTG) is widely used for fetal monitoring, but visual assessment has significant inter- and intra-observer variability.
  • This variability can lead to inconsistencies in evaluating fetal well-being.
  • Computerized analysis methods are emerging to address limitations of subjective CTG interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel software for automated analysis of fetal heart rate (FHR) traces.
  • To evaluate the reliability and performance of this new software in analyzing CTG recordings.
  • To compare the software's automated analysis with expert clinical visual assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new software tool for automatic measurement of key parameters from CTG traces.
  • Testing software reliability using simulated CTG traces with pre-defined events (accelerations, decelerations, contractions).
  • Validation against real CTG signals by comparing software results with visual assessments from 18 expert clinicians, calculating sensitivity, positive predictive value, and accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The software demonstrated satisfactory preliminary performance on simulated data, accurately detecting all pre-set events.
  • When compared to expert clinicians' visual assessments of real CTG traces, the software achieved a sensitivity of 93%, a positive predictive value of 82%, and an accuracy of 77%.
  • The discrepancy between software and clinician performance is likely due to the inherent variability in human annotation of CTG traces.

Conclusions:

  • The developed software shows promise for automated fetal heart rate analysis, particularly in its ability to accurately identify events in simulated data.
  • Further research and refinement are needed to improve the software's concordance with expert clinical judgment in real-world scenarios.
  • Addressing the variability in clinician interpretation is crucial for the successful integration of automated CTG analysis tools.