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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy
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Engineered Materials for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Alexander S Cheung1, David J Mooney1

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.

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|December 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomaterials offer innovative solutions to enhance cancer immunotherapy by improving drug delivery and immune cell function. This approach aims to overcome limitations of current treatments, reducing toxicity and increasing effectiveness.

Keywords:
Adoptive T Cell TherapyCancer ImmunotherapyNanoparticlesPorous ScaffoldsTherapeutic VaccinationTumor Microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • Current cancer immunotherapies face limitations including systemic toxicity, weak immune responses, and challenges in T cell expansion and persistence.
  • Soluble therapeutics often require high doses and frequent administration, leading to adverse effects.
  • Existing methods for ex vivo T cell expansion and adoptive T cell transfer are suboptimal for achieving sustained anti-cancer activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of engineered biomaterials in overcoming current limitations in cancer immunotherapy.
  • To explore how biomaterials can enhance immune response modulation, therapeutic vaccination, and adoptive T cell therapy.
  • To highlight the potential of biomaterials in developing next-generation cancer immunotherapeutic platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of nanomaterials for targeted delivery of immune-modulating payloads and co-delivery of antigens and danger signals.
  • Exploration of micro- to macroscale materials for controlled cellular and molecular delivery.
  • Review of engineered microenvironments for in situ immune cell recruitment and programming.

Main Results:

  • Biomaterials can serve as vehicles for targeted delivery, minimizing off-target toxicity.
  • Engineered materials can improve therapeutic cancer vaccination by enhancing cellular immune responses.
  • Biomaterials show potential in improving adoptive T cell therapy by promoting T cell persistence and functionality.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of biomaterials with cancer immunotherapy holds significant promise for developing more effective treatments.
  • Engineered materials offer versatile strategies for targeted delivery, immune cell programming, and enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
  • Biomaterials are poised to enable next-generation cancer immunotherapeutic platforms with improved efficacy and safety profiles.