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Related Concept Videos

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Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry01:21

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When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...
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Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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A Microfluidic Technique to Probe Cell Deformability
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Shapeable sheet without plastic deformation.

Naomi Oppenheimer1, Thomas A Witten1

  • 1James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sheets with shape memory can retain their form. Simulations show that spring lattices remember shapes by altering spring lengths to create energy minima, allowing recovery after deformation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Randomly crumpled sheets exhibit shape memory properties.
  • Understanding the physical basis of this memory is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental mechanisms behind shape memory in crumpled structures.
  • To explore the relationship between lattice geometry, energy landscapes, and shape retention.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating triangular spring lattices with adjustable spring lengths.
  • Deforming lattices to create multiple potential energy minima.
  • Analyzing lattice behavior under varying degrees of applied force.

Main Results:

  • Lattices successfully retained a range of imposed curvatures.
  • Deformations up to several percent were reversible under moderate forces.
  • Transitions between remembered shapes demonstrated cooperativity among springs.
  • Shape memory decreased with lattice enlargement, but modifications can counteract this.

Conclusions:

  • Spring lattices can exhibit robust shape memory through controlled energy landscapes.
  • Bistable nodes and their altered patterns are key to shapeability.
  • Findings offer prospects for developing novel materials with programmable memory.