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Measuring water content using T2 relaxation at 3T: Phantom validations and simulations.

Sandra M Meyers1, Shannon H Kolind2, Cornelia Laule3

  • 1Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.

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Summary

This study validates a T2 relaxation method for measuring total water content (TWC) in the brain at 3T. The technique accurately quantifies TWC, crucial for assessing neurological diseases like edema.

Keywords:
Magnetic resonanceMyelin water fractionProton densityT(2) relaxationValidationWater content

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Accurate in vivo measurement of water content is vital for evaluating microstructural tissue changes in neurological diseases.
  • T2 relaxation decay curve analysis offers simultaneous measurement of total water content (TWC) and myelin water fraction, relevant to brain pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate a T2 relaxation-based method for total water content (TWC) measurement at 3 Tesla (3T) using phantoms and simulations.
  • To assess the accuracy and reliability of TWC measurements derived from T2 relaxation data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3T MRI scans of phantoms with known water concentrations.
  • Collected T2 relaxation data using Gradient Echo Spin-Echo (GRASE) and Spin Echo sequences.
  • Calculated voxel-wise T2 distributions using non-negative least squares with B1(+) inhomogeneity correction, and TWC was corrected for T1 relaxation.

Main Results:

  • Measured TWC showed strong correlation with actual TWC (R=0.997, p=9×10(-8)) with a mean discrepancy of 1.8%.
  • No significant difference in TWC accuracy was observed between GRASE and spin echo sequences.
  • Simulations revealed minimal systematic (0.07%) and random (0.8%) TWC errors, indicating robustness against B1(+) inhomogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • The T2 relaxation decay curve method accurately measures TWC within 3% at 3T.
  • Multi-echo T2 measurement is a versatile tool for assessing central nervous system diseases, providing insights into both TWC and myelin water fraction.