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Thyroid dysfunction and anaemia in a large population-based study.

Khadija M'Rabet-Bensalah1, Carole E Aubert1, Michael Coslovsky2

  • 1Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Clinical Endocrinology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaemia prevalence is higher in overt hyperthyroidism but not subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid function tests are useful for anaemia work-up only after common causes are excluded.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Hematology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Anaemia and thyroid dysfunction are common conditions that frequently coexist.
  • Current guidelines suggest assessing thyroid function in anaemic patients, but supporting evidence is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and types of anaemia across different thyroid function statuses.
  • To determine the association between thyroid dysfunction and anaemia in a population-based cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort.
  • Assessed anaemia (hemoglobin <13 g/dl men, <12 g/dl women) in 8791 participants.
  • Categorized participants into euthyroid, overt hyperthyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, and subclinical thyroid dysfunction groups.

Main Results:

  • Anaemia prevalence was 4.7% in euthyroid individuals after excluding common causes.
  • Anaemia was significantly higher in overt hyperthyroidism (14.6%) and borderline higher in overt hypothyroidism (7.7%).
  • No increased anaemia prevalence was observed in subclinical thyroid dysfunction; anaemia was mainly normocytic.

Conclusions:

  • Overt hyperthyroidism is associated with a higher prevalence of anaemia.
  • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction does not appear to increase anaemia risk.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone testing in anaemic patients is most beneficial after ruling out common anaemia etiologies.