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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
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microRNA and Autism.

Ayyappan Anitha1, Ismail Thanseem2

  • 1Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Kavalappara, Shoranur, Palakkad, Kerala, 679 523, India. anitha.a72@gmail.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are exploring microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential early biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Investigating these small molecules in body fluids may lead to earlier diagnosis and new autism treatments.

Keywords:
AutismBrainCirculating miRNAmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder impacting social interaction, communication, and behavior.
  • The prevalence of ASD is increasing, highlighting the urgent need for early diagnostic biomarkers.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenetic regulators involved in neurodevelopment, with their dysfunction linked to neuropathologies like ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential predictive biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To explore the diagnostic potential of circulating miRNAs detected in extracellular body fluids.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of altered expression patterns of cellular and circulating miRNAs in individuals with ASD compared to neurotypical controls.
  • Review of current research on miRNA involvement in neurodevelopmental processes and neuropathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Dysregulated expression of both cellular and circulating miRNAs has been observed in individuals with ASD.
  • miRNAs are present in various extracellular body fluids, including serum, plasma, and saliva, suggesting potential for non-invasive biomarker detection.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs show promise as predictive biomarkers for early autism diagnosis.
  • miRNAs represent potential targets for developing novel therapeutic strategies for autism spectrum disorder.