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The use of bacteriophages, natural predators of bacteria, is an effective technique in the fight against bacterial infections. Long since forgotten in the western world, it is still practised in parts of Eastern Europe as the primary weapon of choice against bacterial infections in public health policy. The global emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, or « superbugs », and the associated risk of returning to the pre-antibiotic era have brought the benefits of phagotherapy back to the fore. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the biology and place of bacteriophages in their natural context and explain why and how phagotherapy can be an effective solution to treat bacterial infections.