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Pediatric Facial Fractures.

Frankie K Wong1, Saleigh Adams, Thomas J Coates

  • 1*David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA †UCLA Center for World Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA ‡Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa §Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.

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Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of facial fractures in South African children. Unrestrained occupants face more severe injuries, longer hospital stays, and increased need for surgery, highlighting the importance of safety measures.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Traumatology
  • Epidemiology of Facial Injuries
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited data exists on pediatric facial fracture epidemiology in South Africa.
  • Previous studies on facial fractures in this region are scarce.
  • A significant gap in understanding pediatric facial trauma necessitates this research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology of facial fractures in pediatric patients in Cape Town, South Africa.
  • To identify the primary causes and patterns of facial fractures in children.
  • To analyze the impact of injury mechanisms on fracture severity and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for children under 13 with facial fractures.
  • Analysis of head computed tomography (CT) scans for fracture identification and characterization.
  • Data collected included demographics, injury cause, fracture location, concomitant injuries, and interventions.

Main Results:

  • Motor vehicle collisions (MVC) were the most frequent cause (56.3%) of pediatric facial fractures.
  • Mandible fractures were the most common type (43.1%).
  • Unrestrained motor vehicle collisions (UMVC) were associated with significantly more fractures, longer hospital stays, higher rates of concomitant injuries, and increased need for surgery compared to other etiologies.

Conclusions:

  • MVCs are the predominant cause of facial fractures in South African children.
  • Facial injuries in UMVC are more complex, underscoring the critical need for public awareness campaigns promoting vehicle restraint use.
  • Findings support the implementation of enhanced road safety measures to reduce pediatric facial trauma.