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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

347
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
347
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

317
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
317
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

340
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
340
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

316
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
316
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

807
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
807
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

324
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
324

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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
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PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR THE ELDERLY DENTAL PATIENT.

Aviv Ouanounou1, Daniel A Haas

  • 1University of Toronto, Toronto ON.

Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
|December 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As the North American population ages, dentists must understand altered drug effects in elderly patients. Awareness of polypharmacy and potential drug interactions is crucial for safe dental prescribing.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Pharmacology
  • Dental Therapeutics
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • The North American population is aging, with a projected increase in the elderly demographic.
  • Older adults frequently experience multiple chronic conditions, impacting their quality of life and healthcare utilization.
  • Physiological changes in advanced age alter drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, increasing risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations in elderly dental patients.
  • To highlight the challenges and considerations of polypharmacy in this population.
  • To guide dental professionals in safe prescribing practices for older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current demographic data on population aging.
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes associated with aging.
  • Discussion of polypharmacy and its implications in elderly patients.
  • Emphasis on commonly prescribed dental drugs: local anesthetics, analgesics, and antibiotics.

Main Results:

  • Altered drug metabolism and response in the elderly necessitate careful medication management.
  • Polypharmacy significantly elevates the risk of adverse drug reactions and interactions.
  • Dentists must be vigilant regarding all medications a patient is taking, including OTC and supplements.

Conclusions:

  • Dentists must possess a thorough understanding of geriatric pharmacologic principles.
  • Proactive consideration of drug interactions is essential for patient safety in dental practice.
  • Tailoring prescriptions to the unique needs of aging patients improves therapeutic outcomes and minimizes risks.