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Nocturnal decrease in glucose tolerance during constant glucose infusion.

E Van Cauter1, D Désir, C Decoster

  • 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Free University of Brussels, Belgium.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|September 1, 1989
PubMed
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Glucose regulation varies throughout the day, with higher glucose levels observed during sleep. This study reveals distinct diurnal variations in glucose tolerance and correlated insulin oscillations in healthy individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Glucose tolerance may vary based on the time of day.
  • Previous studies suggest diurnal influences on glucose regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the 24-hour variation in glucose tolerance in normal subjects.
  • To differentiate time-of-day effects from infusion duration effects on glucose regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Intravenous (IV) glucose infusion at 5 or 8 g/kg/24h for 30 hours.
  • Plasma glucose and insulin levels measured every 15 minutes for 24 hours.
  • Infusion start times were varied to isolate diurnal effects.

Main Results:

  • A nocturnal elevation in glucose levels (approx. 15% above daytime) was observed, peaking around mid-sleep.

Related Experiment Videos

  • No consistent diurnal pattern was found for insulin levels.
  • Both glucose and insulin exhibited ultradian oscillations (100-150 min intervals), with increased amplitude at higher glucose infusion rates.
  • Glucose and insulin oscillations were correlated, with glucose pulses tending to precede insulin pulses by 15-30 minutes.

    • Conclusions:

    • Normal subjects exhibit a diurnal variation in glucose tolerance independent of the dawn phenomenon in diabetics.
    • Spontaneous 100-150 minute oscillations in glucose and insulin reflect stimulated pancreatic function.
    • The amplitude of these oscillations is dependent on the magnitude of the glucose stimulus.