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Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

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Published on: June 7, 2019

Active Optical Metasurfaces Based on Defect-Engineered Phase-Transition Materials.

Jura Rensberg¹, Shuyan Zhang², You Zhou²

¹Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , 07743 Jena, Germany.

|December 23, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Defect engineering of phase-transition materials creates tunable optical metasurfaces. This technique enables novel active photonic devices like tunable absorbers and polarizers.

Keywords:

Metasurfaces defect engineering meta-devices metamaterials phase-transition materials

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Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

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Area of Science:

Photonics and optoelectronics
Materials science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Active optical materials are crucial for advanced photonics and meta-devices.
Phase-transition materials, like vanadium dioxide, exhibit significant optical property changes with state transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate nanoscale defect engineering for creating tunable optical metasurfaces.
To explore the transformation of phase-transition materials into functional optical devices.

Main Methods:

Spatially selective defect engineering using ion irradiation through nanometer-scale masks.
Targeting the insulator-metal transition in vanadium dioxide.
Fabrication of optical metasurfaces with controlled defect regions.

Main Results:

Successfully transformed vanadium dioxide into optical metasurfaces via defect engineering.
Demonstrated tunable absorbers with induced phase coexistence.
Developed tunable polarizers based on thermally triggered dichroism.

Conclusions:

Spatially selective nanoscale defect engineering offers a new approach for active photonic structures.
This method provides a robust pathway for creating versatile optical metasurfaces.
Enables the development of next-generation tunable optical devices.