Obstetric outcome of second trimester antenatal bleeding

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine
• Reproductive Health

Background:

• Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy can indicate potential complications.
• Early identification and management of risk factors are essential for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the clinical significance and associated risks of vaginal bleeding occurring between 14 and 22 gestational weeks.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective case-control study comparing 219 pregnant women with vaginal bleeding (14-22 weeks) to 325 controls.
• Maternal and early neonatal outcomes were analyzed for both groups.

Main Results:

• Vaginal bleeding in mid-pregnancy was linked to significantly increased risks of preterm birth (PB) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
• Higher incidences of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polyhydramnios were observed in the group experiencing vaginal bleeding.
• Significant differences in mean gestational age and birth weight were noted between the study and control groups.

Conclusions:

• Vaginal bleeding between 14-22 gestational weeks is a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including PB, PPROM, GDM, and polyhydramnios.
• Pregnancies with mid-trimester vaginal bleeding require close surveillance for potential maternal and fetal complications.