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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography
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Imaging Breast Density: Established and Emerging Modalities.

Jeon-Hor Chen1, Gultekin Gulsen2, Min-Ying Su2

  • 1Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, E-Da Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.

Translational Oncology
|December 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate breast density measurement is crucial for breast cancer risk assessment. New imaging techniques are being developed to overcome limitations of traditional mammography for better risk prediction.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Mammographic density is an independent breast cancer risk factor.
  • Dense breast tissue increases cancer risk.
  • Accurate breast density measurement is vital for risk prediction and clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and emerging imaging techniques for breast density measurement.
  • To summarize evidence on the clinical use of these density measurement methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on mammographic density measurement techniques.
  • Inclusion of volumetric mammographic density, 3D MRI, x-ray, optical, and ultrasound-based methods.
  • Evaluation of modalities overcoming 2D mammography limitations.

Main Results:

  • Traditional 2D mammography has limitations due to tissue overlap and lack of volumetric information.
  • Volumetric mammographic density and 3D MRI are well-studied.
  • Emerging modalities offer potential improvements and additional information.

Conclusions:

  • There is an urgent need for reliable quantitative breast density measurements.
  • New imaging technologies aim to provide volumetric and compositional information.
  • Further research is needed to fully implement clinical applications of advanced breast density measurements.